Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (2024)

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (1) https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.12.1984 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (2)

Видання: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997, №12, с.1984-1992

Видавець: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Автори: R. Moreau, R. Aubin, J. Y. Lapointe, D. Lajeunesse

Анотація

Abstract Previous reports have suggested the involvement of voltage-activated calcium (Ca2+) channels in bone metabolism and in particular on the secretion of osteocalcin by osteoblast-like cells. 1 We now report that potassium (K+) channels can also modulate the secretion of osteocalcin by MG–63 cells, a human osteosarcoma cell line. When 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3)-treated MG–63 cells were depolarized by step increases of the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]out) from 5–30 mM, osteocalcin (OC) secretion increased from a control value of 218 ± 13 to 369 ± 18 ng/mg of protein/48 h (p < 0.005 by analysis of variance). In contrast, in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, there is no osteocalcin secretion nor any effect of cell depolarization on this activity. The depolarization-induced increase in 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent osteocalcin secretion was totally inhibited in the presence of 10 μM Nitrendipine (a Ca2+ channel blocker, p < 0.005) without affecting cellular alkaline phosphatase nor cell growth. Charybdotoxin, a selective blocker of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels (maxi-K) present in MG–63 cells, 2 stimulated 1,25(OH)2D3-induced osteocalcin synthesis about 2-fold (p < 0.005) after either 30, 60, or 120 minutes of treatment. However, Charybdotoxin was without effect on basal release of osteocalcin in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment. Using patch clamp technique, we occasionally observed the presence of a small conductance K+ channel, compatible with an ATP-dependent K+ channel (GKATP) in nonstimulated cells, whereas multiple channel openings were observed when cells were treated with Diazoxide, a sulfonamide derivative which opens GKATP. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the N-terminal peptide of GKATP in MG–63 cells, and its expression was regulated with the proliferation rate of these cells, maximal detection by Western blots being observed during the logarithmic phase of the cycle. Glipizide and Glybenclamide, selective sulfonylureas which can block GKATP, dose-dependently enhanced 1,25(OH)2D3-induced OC secretion (p < 0.005). Reducing the extracellular calcium concentration with EGTA (μM range) totally inhibited the effect of Glipizide and Glybenclamide on osteocalcin secretion (p < 0.005), which remained at the same levels as controls. Diazoxide totally prevented the effect of these sulfonylureas. These results suggest that voltage-activated Ca2+ channels triggered via cell depolarization can enhance 1,25(OH)2D3-induced OC release by MG–63 cells. In addition, OC secretion is increased by blocking two types of K+ channels: maxi-K channels, which normally hyperpolarize cells and close Ca2+ channels, and GKATP channels. The role of these channels is closely linked to the extracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Список літератури

  1. Guggino, Bone remodeling signalled by a dihydropyridine- and phenylalkylamine-sensitive calcium channel, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, № 86, с. 2957
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (3) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.8.2957
  2. Moreau, Activation of maxi K channels by parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2 in human osteoblast bone cells, J Membr Biol, № 150, с. 175
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (4) https://doi.org/10.1007/s002329900042
  3. Dixon, Electrophysiology of a clonal osteoblast-like cell line: Evidence for the existence of a Ca2+-activated K+ conductance, J Membr Biol, № 80, с. 49
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (5) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868689
  4. Dixon, Serum and 2-macroglobulin induce transient hyperpolarizations in the membrane potential of an osteoblastlike clone, J Cell Physiol, № 132, с. 215
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (6) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320205
  5. Ferrier, Low-frequency voltage noise in a mammalian bone cell clone, J Cell Physiol, № 113, с. 267
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (7) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041130214
  6. Ferrier, Transient and sustained effects of hormones and calcium on membrane potential in a bone cell clone, J Cell Physiol, № 122, с. 53
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (8) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220109
  7. Ferrier, Electrophysiological differences between bone cell clones: Membrane potential responses to parathyroid hormone and correlation with the cAMP response, J Cell Physiol, № 126, с. 237
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (9) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041260212
  8. Ferrier, Further analysis of spontaneous membrane potential activity and the hyperpolarizing response to parathyroid hormone in osteoblastlike cells, J Cell Physiol, № 130, с. 344
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (10) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300306
  9. Ferrier, Membrane potential changes, cAMP stimulation and contraction in osteoblast-like UMR 106 cells in response to calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, Bone Miner, № 4, с. 133
  10. Edelman, Short-term effects of PTH on cultured rat osteoblasts: Changes in membrane potential, Am J Physiol, № 251, с. C483
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (11) https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.4.C483
  11. Fritsch, Comparative studies of membrane potentials of rat osteoblasts in situ and in primary culture, Bone Miner, № 2, с. 463
  12. Ypey, Voltage-activated ionic channels and conductances in embryonic chick osteoblast cultures, J Membr Biol, № 101, с. 141
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (12) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01872829
  13. Ravesloot, Identification of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in cells of embryonic chick osteoblast cultures, J Bone Miner Res, № 5, с. 1201
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (13) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650051203
  14. Grandolfo, Calcium-activated potassium channels in chondrocytes, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, № 182, с. 1429
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (14) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)91893-U
  15. Grandolfo, A potassium channel in cultured chondrocytes, Calcif Tissue Int, № 47, с. 302
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (15) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02555913
  16. Chang, Participation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, J Biol Chem, № 261, с. 9105
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (16) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67623-9
  17. Morton, Swimming-induced suppression of rat pineal melatonin is prevented by pretreatment with calcium channel blockers, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, № 190, с. 105
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (17) https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-190-42836
  18. Glavin, Verapamil and nifedipine effects on gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation in rats, J Pharm Pharmacol, № 40, с. 514
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (18) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05290.x
  19. Ichihara, Effects of Bay K 8644 on renal function and renin secretion in anesthetized rats, Life Sci, № 44, с. 1945
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (19) https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90407-4
  20. Dietrich, Stimulation of bone resorption by various prostaglandins in organ culture, Prostaglandins, № 10, с. 231
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (20) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-6980(75)80076-1
  21. Lowik, A two receptor model for the action of parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts: a role for intracellular free calcium and cAMP, Cell Calcium, № 6, с. 311
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (21) https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-4160(85)90002-8
  22. De Weille, ATP-sensitive K+ channels that are blocked by hypoglycemia-inducing sulfonylureas in insulin-secreting cells are activated by galanin, a hyperglycemia-inducing hormone, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, № 85, с. 1312
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (22) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.4.1312
  23. Schmid-Antomarchi, The receptor for antidiabetic sulfonylureas controls the activity of the ATP-modulated K+ channel in insulin-secreting cells, J Biol Chem, № 262, с. 15840
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (23) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47664-8
  24. Amoroso, Glucose, antidiabetic sulfonylureas and neurotransmitter release: Role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, Science, № 247, с. 852
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (24) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2305257
  25. Mourre, Antidiabetic sulfonylureas: Localization of binding sites in the brain and effects on the hyperpolarization induced by anoxia in hippocampal slices, Brain Res, № 486, с. 159
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (25) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(89)91288-2
  26. Lajeunesse, Osteocalcin secretion by the human osteosarcoma cell line MG–63, J Bone Miner Res, № 5, с. 915
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (26) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650050904
  27. Lajeunesse, Regulation of osteocalcin secretion by human primary bone cells and by the human osteosarcoma cell MG–63, Bone Miner, № 14, с. 237
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (27) https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-6009(91)90025-U
  28. Hamill, Improved patch clamp techniques for high resolution current recording from cells and cell free membrane patches, Pfluegers Arch, № 391, с. 85
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (28) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00656997
  29. Schägger, Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa, Anal Biochem, № 166, с. 268
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (29) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90587-2
  30. Smith, Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid, Anal Biochem, № 150, с. 76
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (30) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(85)90442-7
  31. Petersen, Calcium-activated potassium channels and their role in secretion, Nature, № 307, с. 693
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (31) https://doi.org/10.1038/307693a0
  32. Blaustein, Polypeptide toxins from the venoms of old world and new world scorpions preferentially block different potassium channels, Mol Pharmacol, № 40, с. 932
  33. Benishin, Potassium channel blockade by the subunit of beta-bungarotoxin, Mol Pharmocol, № 38, с. 164
  34. Paucek, Reconstitution and partial purification of the glibenclamide-sensitive, ATP-dependent K+ channel from rat liver and beef heart mitochondria, J Biol Chem, № 267, с. 26062
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (32) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35717-X
  35. Wiltink, Differential depolarization-activated calcium responses in fetal and noenatal rat osteoblast-like cells, Calcif Tissue Int, № 54, с. 278
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (33) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295951
  36. Schweitz, Charybdotoxin is a new member of the K+ channel toxin family that includes dendrotoxin I and mast cell degranulating peptide, Biochemistry, № 28, с. 9708
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (34) https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00451a025
  37. Lieberherr, The effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on cytosolic free calcium in confluent mouse osteoblasts, J Biol Chem, № 262, с. 13168
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (35) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45183-6
  38. Mironova, Protein from beef heart mitochondria inducing the potassium channel conductivity of bilayer lipid membrane [Russian]., Biofizika, № 26, с. 451
  39. Paliwal, Purification and patch clamp analysis of a 40-pS channel from rat liver mitochondria, Biochemistry, № 31, с. 223
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (36) https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00123a003
  40. Loza, Calcium currents in osteoblastic cells: Dependence upon cellular growth stage, Calcif Tissue Int, № 55, с. 128
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (37) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00297188
  41. Ashcroft, Adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, Ann Rev Neurosci, № 11, с. 97
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (38) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.000525
  42. Dunne, The effects of cromakalim on ATP-sensitive potassium channels in insulin-secreting cells, Br J Pharmacol, № 99, с. 169
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (39) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14672.x
  43. Kawase, Diverse actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations in UMR 106 osteoblastic cells, Bone, № 16, с. 379s
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (40) https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(95)80457-9
  44. Kawase, Calcitonin gene-related peptide rapidly inhibits calcium uptake in osteoblastic cell lines via activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, Endocrinology, № 137, с. 984
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (41) https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.3.8603612
  45. Aguilar-Bryan, Cloning of the β cell high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor: A regulator of insulin secretion, Science, № 268, с. 423
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (42) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7716547
  46. Inagaki, Reconstitution of IKATP: An inward rectifier subunit plus the sulfonylurea receptor, Science, № 270, с. 1166
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (43) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5239.1166
  47. Ammala, Promiscuous coupling between the sulphonylurea receptor and inwardly rectifying potassium channels, Nature, № 279, с. 545
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (44) https://doi.org/10.1038/379545a0
  48. Sheppard, Effect of ATP-sensitive K+ channel regulators on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride currents, J Gen Physiol, № 100, с. 573
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (45) https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.100.4.573
  49. Chesnoy-Marchais, Chloride current activated by cyclic AMP and parathyroid hormone in rat osteoblasts, Pflügers Arch, № 415, с. 104
    Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (46) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373147

Публікації, які цитують цю публікацію

Er-Xian Decoction Drug-Containing Serum Promotes Mc3t3-E1 Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Via Regulating BK Channel

Bo Liu, Ming-Shi Ren, Hui-Hui Xie, Yu Ding, Zi-Han Li

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (47) https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4196926

2022, SSRN Electronic Journal

Цитувань Crossref:0

The hEag1 K+ Channel Inhibitor Astemizole Stimulates Ca2+ Deposition in SaOS-2 and MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cultures

Beáta Mészáros, Agota Csoti, Tibor G. Szanto, Andrea Telek, Katalin Kovács, Agnes Toth, Julianna Volkó, Gyorgy Panyi

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (48) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810533 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (49)

2022, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, №18, с.10533

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:1

Er-xian decoction drug-containing serum promotes Mc3t3-e1 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via regulating BK channel

Ming-Shi Ren, Hui-Hui Xie, Yu Ding, Zi-Han Li, Bo Liu

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (50) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115887

2023, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, с.115887

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:1

17β-Estradiol Inhibits Outward Voltage-Gated K+ Currents in Human Osteoblast-Like MG63 Cells

Xiantao Li, Shouchao Zheng, Xuehai Dong, Jun Xiao

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (51) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-012-9502-y

2012, The Journal of Membrane Biology, №1, с.39-45

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:3

The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells: An improved analysis using fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Yu Zhang, Andreas Schedle, Michael Matejka, Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, Oleh Andrukhov

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (52) https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-010-0026-0 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (53) Повний текст

2010, Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, №4

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:12

Impact of Anti-hyperglycemic Medications on Bone Health

Naim M. Maalouf

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (54) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12018-015-9176-y

2015, Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism, №1, с.43-52

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:1

Craniofacial osteoblast responses to polycaprolactone produced using a novel boron polymerisation technique and potassium fluoride post-treatment

J.E. Gough, P. Christian, C.A. Scotchford, I.A. Jones

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (55) https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00409-5 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (56)

2003, Biomaterials, №27, с.4905-4912

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:14

Glipizide Alleviates Periodontitis Pathogenicity via Inhibition of Angiogenesis, Osteoclastogenesis and M1/M2 Macrophage Ratio in Periodontal Tissue

Xueqi Guo, Zhijun Huang, Qing Ge, Luxi Yang, Dongliang Liang, Yinyin Huang, Yiqin Jiang, Janak Lal. Pathak, Lijing Wang, Linhu Ge

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (57) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-023-01850-1

2023, Inflammation, №5, с.1917-1931

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:0

Characterization of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced hormesis-like effects in osteoblastic cells

P. Hamel, E. Abed, L. Brissette, R. Moreau

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (58) https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00361.2007 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (59) Повний текст

2008, American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, №4, с.C1021-C1033

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:29

Apolipoprotein D deficiency is associated to high bone turnover, low bone mass and impaired osteoblastic function in aged female mice

Corine Martineau, Ouafa Najyb, Céline Signor, Éric Rassart, Robert Moreau

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (60) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.007 · Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (61)

2016, Metabolism, №9, с.1247-1258

Scopus

WoS

Цитувань Crossref:9

Знайти всі цитування публікації

Pharmacological and Biochemical Evidence for the Regulation of Osteocalcin Secretion by Potassium Channels in Human Ost… (2024)
Top Articles
Tracking Tropical Storm Francine
Flash flood emergency for New Orleans as Francine pounds Louisiana: Updates
Funny Roblox Id Codes 2023
Www.mytotalrewards/Rtx
San Angelo, Texas: eine Oase für Kunstliebhaber
Golden Abyss - Chapter 5 - Lunar_Angel
Www.paystubportal.com/7-11 Login
Steamy Afternoon With Handsome Fernando
fltimes.com | Finger Lakes Times
Detroit Lions 50 50
18443168434
Newgate Honda
Zürich Stadion Letzigrund detailed interactive seating plan with seat & row numbers | Sitzplan Saalplan with Sitzplatz & Reihen Nummerierung
978-0137606801
Nwi Arrests Lake County
Missed Connections Dayton Ohio
Justified Official Series Trailer
London Ups Store
Committees Of Correspondence | Encyclopedia.com
Jinx Chapter 24: Release Date, Spoilers & Where To Read - OtakuKart
How Much You Should Be Tipping For Beauty Services - American Beauty Institute
How to Create Your Very Own Crossword Puzzle
Apply for a credit card
Unforeseen Drama: The Tower of Terror’s Mysterious Closure at Walt Disney World
Ups Print Store Near Me
How Taraswrld Leaks Exposed the Dark Side of TikTok Fame
University Of Michigan Paging System
Dashboard Unt
Access a Shared Resource | Computing for Arts + Sciences
2023 Ford Bronco Raptor for sale - Dallas, TX - craigslist
Speechwire Login
Healthy Kaiserpermanente Org Sign On
Restored Republic
Progressbook Newark
Lawrence Ks Police Scanner
3473372961
Landing Page Winn Dixie
Everstart Jump Starter Manual Pdf
Hypixel Skyblock Dyes
Senior Houses For Sale Near Me
Flashscore.com Live Football Scores Livescore
Ksu Sturgis Library
Trivago Myrtle Beach Hotels
Poe Self Chill
Port Huron Newspaper
Jimmy John's Near Me Open
Sc Pick 3 Past 30 Days Midday
Verizon Forum Gac Family
antelope valley for sale "lancaster ca" - craigslist
What your eye doctor knows about your health
Ranking 134 college football teams after Week 1, from Georgia to Temple
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Horacio Brakus JD

Last Updated:

Views: 5327

Rating: 4 / 5 (51 voted)

Reviews: 82% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Horacio Brakus JD

Birthday: 1999-08-21

Address: Apt. 524 43384 Minnie Prairie, South Edda, MA 62804

Phone: +5931039998219

Job: Sales Strategist

Hobby: Sculling, Kitesurfing, Orienteering, Painting, Computer programming, Creative writing, Scuba diving

Introduction: My name is Horacio Brakus JD, I am a lively, splendid, jolly, vivacious, vast, cheerful, agreeable person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.